BBC 曼德拉讣文(双语版)

     为了帮助大家想进一步了解伟大的南非传奇曼德拉,小编分享了一篇来自普特英语网站的文章,里面提供了BBC News关于的纳尔逊.曼德拉的双语版讣文,让我们随全世界一起为伟人祷告吧。更多相关精彩,请关注英语网站123的双语阅读类网站大全版块

Obituary: Nelson Mandela
By Fergal Keane
 
BBC News
To those who observed him closely, Nelson Mandela always carried himself as one who was born to lead.
As his former cellmate and long time friend, Ahmed Kathrada, said recently: “He was born into a royal house and there was always that sense about him of someone who knew the meaning of leadership.”
The Mandela who led the African National Congress into government displayed a conspicuous sense of his own dignity and a self-belief that nothing in 27 years of imprisonment had been capable of destroying.
Although Mr Mandela frequently described himself as simply part of the ANC’s leadership, there was never any doubt that he was the most potent political figure of his generation in South Africa.
To the wider world he represented many things, not least an icon of freedom but also the most vivid example in modern times of the power of forgiveness and reconciliation. Back in the early 1990s, I remember then President, FW De Klerk, telling me he how he found Mandela’s lack of bitterness “astonishing”.
His fundamental creed was best expressed in his address to the sabotage trial in 1964. “I have fought against white domination, and I have fought against black domination,” he said.
“I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society in which all persons live together in harmony and with equal opportunities. It is an ideal which I hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.”

Born in 1918, Rolihlahla Dalibhunga Mandela was raised in the village of Mvezo in the Transkei in the Eastern Cape. He was one of 13 children from a family with close links to the royal house of the Thembu people.
Mr Mandela often recalled his boyhood in the green hills of the Transkei with fondness. This was a remote landscape of beehive-shaped huts and livestock grazing on poor land.
He was only nine when his father died of tuberculosis. Always closer emotionally to his mother, Mr Mandela described his father as a stern disciplinarian. But he credited his father with instilling the instincts that would help carry him to greatness.
Years later Mr Mandela would write that “my father possessed a proud rebelliousness, a stubborn sense of fairness…” His death changed the course of the boy’s life.
The young Mandela was sent from his home village to live as a ward of the Thembu royal house, where he would be groomed for a leadership role.
This meant he must have a proper education. He was sent to a Methodist school, where he was given the name Nelson. He was a diligent student and in 1939 went to Fort Hare University, then a burgeoning centre of African nationalism.
It was at Fort Hare that Mr Mandela met the future ANC leader, Oliver Tambo, with whom he would establish the first black law practice in South Africa. Both were expelled from the university in 1940 for political activism.
First as a lawyer, then an activist and ultimately as a guerrilla leader, Mr Mandela moved towards the collision with state power that would change his own and his country’s fate.
The late 1950s and early 1960s were a period of growing tumult in South Africa, as African nationalists allied with the South African Communist Party challenged the apartheid state.
When protest was met with brute force, the ANC launched an armed struggle with Mr Mandela at its head.
He was arrested and charged with treason in 1956. After a trial lasting five years, Mr Mandela was acquitted. But by now the ANC had been banned and his comrade Oliver Tambo had gone into exile.
Nelson Mandela went underground and embarked on a secret trip to seek help from other African nations emerging from colonial rule. He also visited London to meet Tambo.
But soon after his return he was arrested and sentenced to five years in jail. Further charges, of sabotage, led to a life sentence that would see him spend 27 years behind bars.
He worked in the lime quarry on Robben Island, the prison in Cape Town harbour where the glaring sun on the white stone caused permanent damage to his eyes; he contracted tuberculosis in Pollsmoor Prison outside Cape Town, and he held the first talks with government ministers while he was incarcerated at the Victor Verster prison farm.
In conversation, he would often say prison had given him time to think. It had also formed his habits in sometimes poignant ways.
I recall a breakfast with several other journalists, where Mr Mandela was briefing us on the latest political talks. The waiter approached with a bowl of porridge. Tasting it briefly, the ANC leader shook his head. “It is too hot,” he said. The waiter went away and returned with another bowl. This too was sent back. The waiter was looking embarrassed as he approached for the third time.
Fortunately the temperature was now cool enough. The famous broad smile appeared. The waiter was heartily thanked and breakfast – and our questions – were able to continue.
“That was a bit fussy wasn’t it,” I remarked to a colleague afterwards.
My colleague pulled me up short with his reply. “Think about it. If you spent 27 years in jail, most of the time eating food that was either cold or at best lukewarm, you are going to end up struggling with hot food.”
There it was, expressed in the most prosaic of realities, a reminder of the long vanished years of Nelson Mandela.
Prison had taken away the prime of his life. It had taken away his family life. Relations with some of his children were strained. His marriage to Winnie Mandela would end in divorce.
But as I followed him over the next three years, through embattled townships, tense negotiations, moments of despair and elation, I would understand that prison had never robbed his humanity.
I remember listening to him in a dusty township after a surge of violence which threatened to derail negotiations. Fighting between ANC supporters and the predominantly Zulu Inkatha movement had claimed thousands of lives, mainly in the townships around Johannesburg and in the hills of Natal.
In those circumstances another leader might have been tempted to blame the enemy alone. But when Mr Mandela spoke he surprised all of us who were listening: “There are members of the ANC who are killing our people… We must face the truth. Our people are just as involved as other organisations that are committing violence… We cannot climb to freedom on the corpses of innocent people.”
He knew the crowd would not like his message but he also knew they would listen.
As an interviewee, he deflected personal questions with references to the suffering of all South Africans. One learned to read the expressions on his face for a truer guide to what Mr Mandela felt.
On the day that he separated from Winnie Mandela, I interviewed him at ANC headquarters. I have no recollection of what he said but the expression of pure loneliness on his face is one I will always remember.
But my final memory of Nelson Mandela is one of joy. On the night of 2 May 1994 I was crammed into a function room full of officials, activists, diplomats and journalists, struggling to hear each other as the music pulsed and the cheers rang out.
The ANC had won a comprehensive victory. On the stage, surrounded by his closest advisors, Nelson Mandela danced and waved to the crowd. He smiled the open, generous smile of a man who had lived to see his dream.
相关翻译:
正如纳尔逊•曼德拉的前狱友和老朋友艾哈迈德•卡特拉达所说:“他生于王室,他的领袖气质浑然天成。”
曼德拉曾带领南非非洲人国民大会建立政府。毕其一生,他始终高昂着自信、自尊的头,哪怕长达27的漫长牢狱生涯也未能使其泯灭。
虽然曼德拉常说自己只是非洲人国民大会的一员,但从来没人怀疑过他是那一辈人中在南非政坛上最有影响力的人物。
对外界来说,曼德拉代表良多。他不仅仅是是自由的代表,还是当代宽容与和解最突出的代表。我还记得,上世纪90年代初期,时任南非总统的德克勒克曾告诉我,曼德拉真的没有在心中暗藏任何愤恨之情,这让他感到“无比讶异”。
曼德拉在1964年因阴谋颠覆政府罪受审时曾说过一番话,这是他对自己人生信仰最好的阐述。他说:“我反对白人统治,也反对黑人统治。”
“我珍视民主和自由社会的理想,在这个社会中,人人和睦相处,机会均等。我希望为这个理想而生,并希望能实现这个理想。但是如果需要,我愿为理想献出生命。”
若利赫拉赫达•达利布亨伽•曼德拉出生于1918年,在东开普地区特兰斯凯的穆维佐村长大。他的家里共有13个孩子,家庭和腾布王室也有紧密联系。
曼德拉经常温情地回忆他在特兰斯凯的青山上度过的少年时光。在这个偏远的地区,蜂巢状的木屋是一道景观,还有在贫瘠土地上吃草的牛羊。
曼德拉九岁时,父亲就因罹患肺结核去世。在感情上曼德拉和母亲更亲近,他形容称父亲是一位厉行纪律的人,但承认是父亲给予了帮他走向辉煌的才能。
多年以后,曼德拉这样写道:“我的父亲身上有一种骄傲的叛逆、一种倔强的公正。”他的离世改变了这个男孩的人生。
年轻的曼德拉离开了家乡,被送往腾布王室做一名保安。在那里,他的领导能力被逐渐培养起来。
这意味着他必须有接受教育。他被送往教会学校,并在那里改名为纳尔逊。勤学的曼德拉在1939年前往福特哈尔大学,当时那里是非洲民族主义的新兴地。
正是在福特哈尔,曼德拉遇见了未来的非洲人国民大会领导人奥利弗•坦博,他俩后来建立了南非第一个黑人律所,并随后在1940年双双因为从事政治活动被大学除名。
曼德拉做过律师、当过社会活动家,并最终成为了游击队领导人,曼德拉逐步与国家权力交锋,这将改变他自己和国家的命运。
20世纪50年代末和60年代初,南非的骚乱开始增多,当时,非洲的民族主义者与南非共产党联合,共同挑战国家的种族隔离状态。
而当示威遇到了残酷的武力镇压,国大党在曼德拉的带领下举行了一场武装斗争。
曼德拉被捕,并于1956年被判叛国罪。庭审持续了五年,曼德拉最终被判无罪。而那时的国大党已被禁,他的同志奥利弗•坦博也被流放。
纳尔逊•曼德拉开始从事地下活动,并秘密去往非洲他国。而这些国家原先都是殖民地。他还去过伦敦去见坦博。
然而在他回国后不久,他便被捕,并被判五年监禁。而后有关颠覆罪的指控让他被判终身监禁。他在之后的27年都在监狱度过。
他随后在罗本岛的石灰矿场做工。罗本岛是开普敦港湾的一所监狱,那里刺眼的阳光照在花白的石头上,这些都对他的眼睛造成了终身的伤害。他在开普敦外的波尔斯穆监狱感染了肺结核。囚禁在维克多•维尔斯特监狱时,他与政府部长级的官员进行了一次谈判。
在谈话中他多次提到,监禁给了他时间去思考,同时也养成了他的一些习惯,而这些习惯的养成有时是通过一些激烈的方式。
我记得有一次和多位记者共进早餐,曼德拉先生给我们介绍最新的政治谈话。服务员送来一碗粥,曼德拉尝了一口摇摇头说:“太烫了”。服务员转身又去拿了一碗,但还是太烫。服务员有些尴尬,第三次回去。终于这次粥比较凉了。曼德拉脸上终于浮现了笑容,并真诚地谢谢那位服务员,然后继续回答我们的问题。
会后,我跟一位同事说:“你不觉得有些吹毛求疵吗?”同事回答说:“你想啊,如果你蹲27年牢狱,大多数时间吃的都是残羹冷炙,你也会很不习惯吃热粥。”
这件小事让我们多少体会到曼德拉先生过去的艰难岁月。他人生最宝贵的时光全部在牢狱中度过,家庭生活亦是如此。这也导致他与几个孩子的关系疏远,妻子温妮•曼德拉与他离婚。
之后的三年里,我跟踪报道曼德拉,见证了他深入战乱之地,见证了他谈判时的唇枪舌剑,也见证了他的每一次绝望与高兴,我终于明白,监狱生涯从未夺去他人性的光辉。
我记得有一次在一个破败的小镇上听他讲话,当时一场暴乱几乎让谈判崩溃。在约翰内斯堡以及纳塔尔山附近的小镇,非洲人国民大会的支持者与祖鲁因卡塔运动爆发冲突,死伤数千。
在这种情况下,换作别的领袖,一定会指责敌人。但当曼德拉发言时,他让在场的所有人都感到震惊:“非洲国民大会党内有人在屠杀我们的子民……我们必须认清事实。我们的人和其它组织一样参与了暴力……我们不能踩着无辜平民的尸体赢取自由。”
他知道在场的人不会喜欢他的发言,但他同时也知道他们会听取。
接受访问时,曼德拉避免提及私人问题,而是把话题转移到南非人民遭受的苦难上。作为记者,我们常常需要看他的面部表情来判断他的心中所想。
当曼德拉和其第二任妻子雯妮•曼德拉离婚时,我在非洲国民大会总部采访了他。我不记得他当时说了什么,但当时他脸上彻底孤独的表情让我永远铭记。
但我关于曼德拉的最后记忆是充满欢乐的。1994年5月2日,我在一间挤满了官员、政治积极分子、外交官、记者多功能厅里,乐声喧闹,欢呼阵阵。
非洲国民大会赢得了全面胜利。在台上,曼德拉被一群他最亲密的政治顾问包围,他跳着舞,向台下的群众挥手致意。他开怀大笑,那笑容是他在亲历梦想实现后的真情流露。

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该日志由 1zanxin 于2013年12月07日发表在 英语学习资源推荐 分类下,
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